收获的季节：Thanksgiving Festival

原创英景工作室英景阅读俱乐部

Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, and around the same part of the year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well.

感恩节是一个全国性的节日，在加拿大，美国，一些加勒比岛屿和利比里亚的不同日期庆祝。它开始于一个感谢丰收和上一年祝福的日子。在德国和日本也有类似的节日。感恩节在加拿大是在十月的第二个星期一，在美国是在十一月的第四个星期四，在一年的同一时间在其他地方庆祝。虽然感恩节有宗教和文化传统的历史根源，但它也一直被当作世俗节日来庆祝。

不同国家的感恩节

澳大利亚

In the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre–World War IIAmerican observance on the last Thursday of the month. This means the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or six days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships.

在诺福克岛的澳大利亚领土上，感恩节是在十一月的最后一个星期三庆祝的，类似于二战前美国在本月最后一个星期四的庆祝活动。这意味着诺福克岛的纪念活动是在美国举行纪念活动之前或六天。这个节日是通过参观美国捕鲸船带来的。

Thanksgiving (French: l'Action de grâce), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian holiday to give thanks at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references God and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a secular manner. Thanksgiving is a statutory holiday in all provinces in Canada, except for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.

加拿大

感恩节(法文:l'Action de grace)，发生在每年十月的第二个星期一，是加拿大一年一度的节日，在收获季节结束时表示感谢。虽然最初的国会法案提到了上帝，这个节日是在教堂庆祝的，但这个节日大多以世俗的方式庆祝。除了新不伦瑞克和新斯科舍外，感恩节是加拿大所有省份的法定假日。虽然这些省份的企业可能会继续营业，但无论它的地位如何，人们都承认并庆祝这个节日。

格林纳达

In the West Indian island of Grenada, in the Caribbean, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is celebrated on October 25. Even though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the same time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this holiday is unrelated to either of those celebrations. Instead the holiday marks the anniversary of the U.S.-led invasion of the island in 1983, in response to the deposition and execution of the socialist Grenadian Prime Minister Maurice Bishop by a military government from within his own party.

在加勒比地区的西印度群岛的格林纳达，有一个被称为感恩节的全国性节日，在10月25日庆祝。尽管这个节日与美国和加拿大的感恩节同名，庆祝时间大致相同，但这个节日与这两个节日都没有关系。相反，这个节日是美国的纪念日1983年，由于社会党总理莫里斯·毕晓普(Maurice Bishop)被自己党内的军政府赶下台并处决，美国领导的联军入侵了该岛。

In the West African country of Liberia, which began in 1820 with the colonization of freed black slaves (Americo-Liberians) from the United States, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the first Thursday of November.

利比里亚

在西非国家利比里亚，感恩节是在11月的第一个星期四庆祝的。

荷兰

Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the Plymouth Plantation had resided in the city of Leiden from 1609–1620, and had recorded their births, marriages, and deaths at the Pieterskerk (St. Peter's church). To commemorate this, a non-denominational Thanksgiving Day service is held each year on the morning of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a Gothic church in Leiden, noting the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their way to the New World. Besides this, Thanksgiving is observed by orthodox Protestant churches in The Netherlands on the first Wednesday in November (Dankdag). It is not a public holiday. Those who observe the day either only go to church in the evening or take the day off and go to church in the morning (and occasionally afternoon) too.

许多移民到普利茅斯种植园的清教徒从1609年到1620年居住在莱顿市，他们在彼得教堂记录了自己的出生、婚姻和死亡。为了纪念这一节日，每年美国感恩节的早晨，都会在莱顿的哥特式教堂彼得斯克尔克举行无教派的感恩节仪式。除此之外，荷兰东正教会在11月的第一个星期三(Dankdag)庆祝感恩节。这不是公共假日。那些遵守这一天的人要么只在晚上去教堂，要么在早上(偶尔下午)请假去教堂。

The Philippines, while it was an American colony in the first half of the 20th century, celebrated Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day as the Americans. During the Japanese occupation during World War II, both the Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. After Japanese withdrawal in 1945, the tradition continued until 1965. It was revived by President Ferdinand Marcos, but on every September 21, when martial law was imposed in the country. After Marcos' ouster in 1986, the tradition was no longer continued. Due to the existence of BPO - Business Process Outsourcing since 2001 this tradition continues for the local workers joining their American employers.

菲律宾

虽然菲律宾在20世纪上半叶是美国的殖民地，但它在美国人庆祝感恩节的同一天作为一个特殊的公共假日。二战期间，日本占领期间，美国和菲律宾都秘密庆祝感恩节。1945年日本撤军后，这一传统一直延续到1965年。总统费迪南德·马科斯(Ferdinand Marcos)恢复了这项运动，但在每年的9月21日，戒严令在该国生效。1986年马科斯下台后，这一传统不再延续。由于BPO -业务流程外包自2001年以来的存在，这一传统继续为当地工人加入他们的美国雇主。

美国

Thanksgiving, currently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November by federal legislation in 1941, has been an annual tradition in the United States by presidential proclamation since 1863 and by state legislation since the Founding Fathers of the United States. Historically, Thanksgiving has traditionally been a celebration of the blessings of the year, including the harvest. What Americans call the "Holiday Season" generally begins with Thanksgiving.

感恩节是美国自1863年以来的总统公告和自美国开国元勋以来的州立法规定的一年一度的传统节日。从历史上看，感恩节传统上是庆祝一年中的祝福，包括收获。美国人所说的“假期”通常始于感恩节。

In Reform Judaism, there is no hindrance to celebrating Thanksgiving, since it is regarded as a secular celebration rather than religious or gentile. In Orthodox Jewry as well, many Rabbis permit or even encourage Thanksgiving celebration.

犹太教

在改革派犹太教中，庆祝感恩节并没有什么障碍，因为它被认为是一种世俗的庆祝，而不是宗教或非宗教的。在东正教犹太人中，许多拉比允许甚至鼓励感恩节庆祝活动。

德国

A food decoration for Erntedankfest, a Christian Thanksgiving harvest festival celebrated in Germany. The Harvest Thanksgiving Festival, Erntedankfest, is a popular German Christian festival in early October. The festival has a significant religious component, and unlike its North American counterpart, it usually does not include large dinners. Many churches get decorated with autumn crops, beautifully arranged in front of the altar. In some places, there are religious processions or parades. Many Bavarian beer festivals, like the Munich Oktoberfest, take place within the vicinity of Erntedankfest. The United States has observed German-American Day annually on October 6, within the vicinity of Erntedankfest, from 1883 until the early 1910s, then again from 1983 to the present day.

德国庆祝基督教感恩节丰收节的食品装饰。丰收的感恩节，恩恩丹克节，是一个受欢迎的德国基督教节日在十月初。这个节日有一个重要的宗教组成部分，不像北美的节日，它通常不包括大型的晚餐。许多教堂都用秋天的庄稼来装饰，漂亮地布置在祭坛前。在一些地方，有宗教游行或游行。许多巴伐利亚啤酒节，如慕尼黑啤酒节，都是在恩德丹节附近举行的。美国每年在10月6日纪念德裔美国人节，从1883年到1910年早期，再从1983年到今天，在恩恩德丹克菲斯特附近。

Labor Thanksgiving Day (勤労感謝の日 Kinrō Kansha no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan. It takes place annually on November 23. The law establishing the holiday, which was adopted during the American occupation after World War II, cites it as an occasion for commemorating labor and production and giving one another thanks. It has roots in an ancient Shinto harvest ceremony (Niiname-sai (新嘗祭)).

日本

劳动感恩节(勤労感謝の日Kinrō Kansha no Hi)在日本是一个全国性的节日。每年11月23日举行。确立这一节日的法律是在二战后美国占领期间通过的，它将这一节日作为纪念劳动和生产、互相感谢的节日。它起源于一个古老的收获神道仪式(Niiname-sai(新嘗祭))。

英国

The Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving does not have an official date in the United Kingdom; however, it is traditionally held on or near the Sunday of the harvest moon that occurs closest to the autumnal equinox. Harvest Thanksgiving in Britain also has pre-Christian roots when the Saxons would offer the first sheaf of barley, oats, or wheat to fertility gods. When the harvest was finally collected, communities would come together for a harvest supper. When Christianity arrived in Britain many traditions remained, and today the Harvest Festival is marked by churches and schools in late September/early October (same as Canada) with singing, praying and decorating with baskets of food and fruit to celebrate a successful harvest and to give thanks. Collections of food are usually held which are then given to local charities which help the homeless and those in need.

在英国，丰收的感恩节并没有一个正式的日期; 然而，这是传统上举行或接近星期日的收获月亮，发生在最接近秋分。丰收感恩节在英国也有前基督教的根源，那时撒克逊人会向生育神提供第一捆大麦、燕麦或小麦。当收获终于收获时，社区会聚集在一起吃丰收晚餐。当基督教传入英国时，许多传统仍保留下来，今天的收获节是在九月底/十月初(和加拿大一样)的教堂和学校庆祝的，他们唱歌、祈祷、用盛满食物和水果的篮子装饰来庆祝丰收和感恩。人们通常会收集食物，然后捐给当地的慈善机构，帮助无家可归者和有需要的人。

Thai Pongal is the Harvest Thanksgiving Festival celebrated primarily in India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. In other parts of India, similar harvest festival is celebrated as Makar Sankranti. It is a four-day festival, which according to the Gregorian calendar is normally celebrated from January 14 to January 16. This corresponds to the last day of the Tamil month Maargazhi to the third day of the Tamil month Thai. The festival is mainly celebrated to convey appreciation to the Sun God for a successful harvest. Part of the celebration is the boiling of the first rice of the season consecrated to the Sun - the Surya Maangalyam. The origins of the Thai Pongal festival may date to more than 1000 years ago. Pus Puni is local name of the day of Poushya Purnima as per saka calender for western odisha and this day is marked as thanksgiving to the mother nature for good harvest and celebrated by making regional food items cultivated and harvested by the farmers.

东南亚

泰国的Pongal是主要在印度，斯里兰卡和马来西亚庆祝的丰收感恩节。在印度的其他地方，类似的丰收节也被称为Makar Sankranti。它是一个为期四天的节日，根据公历，通常从1月14日到1月16日庆祝。这相当于泰米尔月的最后一天Maargazhi到泰米尔月的第三天泰国。这个节日主要是为了向太阳神表达对丰收的感激之情。庆祝活动的一部分是将这个季节的第一粒米煮沸，这粒米是献给太阳的——Surya Maangalyam。泰国Pongal节的起源可以追溯到1000多年前。普斯普尼是普希亚普尼玛节的当地名称，按照西奥里萨邦的萨卡日历，这一天被标记为对自然母亲的感恩，以获得良好的收成，并通过制作当地农民种植和收获的食品来庆祝。

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